| Theorist/theory | Case study e.g. |
Antonio Gramsci - Hegemony Italian theorist Antonio Gramsci (1881-1937). He emphasised that the control of society by one group or one set of political ideas was not necessarily achieved by force or control of arms, but by persuasion and ‘consent’ – the basis of democracy. The rulers manage to convince the mass of the population that they are ‘better off’ accepting current government policies. Maintaining hegemonic control is thus a process of constantly reinforcing the message and developing the argument. The concept of hegemony allows for substantial change in ideas over time, even though the same groups remain in power. These groups constantly adjust their ideas and find new ways to gain the consent of those they dominate. In media terms the Mass Media both perpetuate cultural hegemony and are a cultural hegemony in themselves in that a relatively small number of big companies, e.g. News Corp., The BBC, Time Warner, Sony etc., control most of the world’s media, and this in turn allows them to control most of what we see, hear and know. This, in turn, allows them to control what we think, selecting only ideas that serve its interests, i.e. bourgeois capitalism. This is known as a ‘Top Down’ model of dominant ideologies. David Buckingham “A focus on identity requires us to pay close attention to the diverse ways in which media and technologies are used in everyday life, and their consequences for both individuals and for social groups” Mikhail Bakhtin The Russian philosopher Bakhtin believed that individual people cannot be finalized, completely understood, known or labeled. He saw identity as the unfinalised self meaning a person is never fully revealed or known. This ties in with the idea that identity is a fluid concept, a life-long project that is never complete. Stan Cohen Folk Devils and Moral Panics (1972) David Gauntlett 'Identities are not 'given' but are constructed and negotiated.' Michel Foucault (French thinker 1926-1984) For Foucault, people do not have a 'real' identity within themselves; that's just a way of talking about the self -- a discourse. An 'identity' is communicated to others in your interactions with them, but this is not a fixed thing within a person. It is a shifting, temporary construction. Power is something which can be used and deployed by particular people in specific situations, which itself will produce other reactions and resistances; and isn't tied to specific groups or identities. Power outcomes are not inevitable and can be resisted. (The power in our instance would be MASS MEDIA) Henry Jenkins - Participatory Culture He celebrates these kinds of 'participatory' media and argues that a 'participatory culture' is one in which members believe their contributions matter, and feel some degree of social connection with one another. Participatory culture shifts the focus of literacy from one of individual expression to community involvement. Links to the idea that social media can empower young people and bring about change. |
Monday, 26 March 2012
Thursday, 15 March 2012
Quadrophenia
Representation
Jimmy – He is represented a typical youth in the 60’s riding about on their scooters. This is backed up by his use of drugs (pills) and party life, this seems to be the time when jimmy comes to life. He is part of a MOD gang and lives the liftstyle of a gang member.
Steph – Throughout the film steph is represented as a dominant character that is not loyal too anybody. This is shown as she lead jimmy on, one minute being close to him and the next leaving him. Considering she already had a partner she is seen as a slutty character which is exploring her sexual freedom.
Kevin – This guy is jimmys schoolmate which he comes into contact with whilst they were both in the public baths. Kevin doesn’t belong to any youth group and does not live after any rules of trendy movement, this makes little sence to him as he is a rocker. This is an enemy group of the “Mods”, when jimmy first seem him he did not tell anybody of his encounters.
What examples of mise en scene would reinforce idea of youth culture?
An example of this is how the separate gangs (mods & rockers) are dressed, the mods are dressed more stylish than the rockers in the big biker jackets and leathers with spikes on them. The use of the scooter shows the youth culture, the bike isn't used to get from A to B, it was to look good!
What ideologies are present within the film?
An ideology preset within the film is how the different gangs are rebelling against the british government. As their gangs gain new members, the social groups out power each other and they continue on getting bigger and continue on attacking their opposition in the hope to gain their own power. obviously, it all had got a little bit out of hand as the gang fights started to cause casualties
Jimmy – He is represented a typical youth in the 60’s riding about on their scooters. This is backed up by his use of drugs (pills) and party life, this seems to be the time when jimmy comes to life. He is part of a MOD gang and lives the liftstyle of a gang member.
Steph – Throughout the film steph is represented as a dominant character that is not loyal too anybody. This is shown as she lead jimmy on, one minute being close to him and the next leaving him. Considering she already had a partner she is seen as a slutty character which is exploring her sexual freedom.
Kevin – This guy is jimmys schoolmate which he comes into contact with whilst they were both in the public baths. Kevin doesn’t belong to any youth group and does not live after any rules of trendy movement, this makes little sence to him as he is a rocker. This is an enemy group of the “Mods”, when jimmy first seem him he did not tell anybody of his encounters.
What examples of mise en scene would reinforce idea of youth culture?
An example of this is how the separate gangs (mods & rockers) are dressed, the mods are dressed more stylish than the rockers in the big biker jackets and leathers with spikes on them. The use of the scooter shows the youth culture, the bike isn't used to get from A to B, it was to look good!
What ideologies are present within the film?
An ideology preset within the film is how the different gangs are rebelling against the british government. As their gangs gain new members, the social groups out power each other and they continue on getting bigger and continue on attacking their opposition in the hope to gain their own power. obviously, it all had got a little bit out of hand as the gang fights started to cause casualties
Law and Public Disordder Article
List (bullets) the methods the police can now use to deal with public disorder.
• Water Cannons
• Arrested
• Rubber bullets
Answer the following using supporting evidence:
1. What are the reasons given for the police using such methods?
Should police feel they have no other option to restore order in the face of a sustained attack. The use of water cannon, rubber bullets ‘and potentially the use of firearms’ to deter looters and rioters.
2. What are the arguments against this?
They would rather put rioters in a prison cell rather than a hospital bed, this shows good policing. Using this dispersal equipment sounds good but all you are doing in an urban environment is pushing people from one urban area to another. You are not solving the problem.
3. Is the report biased or unbiased?
I'd day the report is unbiased. This is because there is no referance to youths being "hoodies". Since it is a news paper, it is made out that the police are doing the right thing and i completely agree with what is said. Police are being accused of struggling balance of being too hard or too soft with protesters.
4. What are the key messages and values given by the report?
The article name "Law and public disorder: Inside the secret bunker where the Met's top men work to keep rioters under control" gives across the message to people that they are always being watched, CCTV is heavily used allover britain and was used in the riots to point out offenders and put them behind bars.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-2108745/Law-public-disorder-Inside-secret-bunker-Mets-men-work-rioters-control.html#ixzz1pB5APxML
5. Do you think the article would start any social or moral panics?
I do not believe that this article would start any panics as it shows that the police are in controll and the riots end up dying out quite quickly as long as public order is in place.
Look at the images:
6. Do the images of the rioters refer to any particular social group?
The images of the rioters refer to the youth social group, hooded teenagers with masks. But there is also images of peaceful marches in central london by college students.
7. Is this a fair representation of the content of the article?
This is a fair representation of content because it shows strong images of both the rioters and the riot police. Images of violence give across a strong image of what is happening, for example a shop and flats blazing with fire.
8. What impressions do you get of the police from the images selected?
The impression i get from the police pictures is that they look like they are in control. But since there is a predicted drop of 16,200 officers in the coming future, their job to maintain public order when their is less police will be a struggle if riots occur. The images of the the police in riot gear make them look dominating among rioters.
9. As a young person in British society, how do you feel about this article?
I feel that the rioters have been given a fair voice however there is too much about the violent rioters and too litle about the peaceful ones. The majority of youths are not like that. The image of power represented by police is not very good, just stood there whilst buildings are ablaze.
10. If you were a reporter, would you do anything differently? Explain.
If i were a reporter. I'd make sure the report would not be biased and get views from those violent rioters and peaceful ones. That is how voices from the youth of today can be heard properly.
11. Who do you think is the target audience for this article?
I'd say the target audience for this article would be around people ages around 30-40, who would instantly judge youths as "hoodies" and "yobs".
12. Is it a fair representation of the social groups discussed?
There isn't enough representation of the youths which did not contribute to the riots and violence. Pictures of youths smashing up shops and setting off flares whilst wearing masks is not a fair representation.
• Water Cannons
• Arrested
• Rubber bullets
Answer the following using supporting evidence:
1. What are the reasons given for the police using such methods?
Should police feel they have no other option to restore order in the face of a sustained attack. The use of water cannon, rubber bullets ‘and potentially the use of firearms’ to deter looters and rioters.
2. What are the arguments against this?
They would rather put rioters in a prison cell rather than a hospital bed, this shows good policing. Using this dispersal equipment sounds good but all you are doing in an urban environment is pushing people from one urban area to another. You are not solving the problem.
3. Is the report biased or unbiased?
I'd day the report is unbiased. This is because there is no referance to youths being "hoodies". Since it is a news paper, it is made out that the police are doing the right thing and i completely agree with what is said. Police are being accused of struggling balance of being too hard or too soft with protesters.
4. What are the key messages and values given by the report?
The article name "Law and public disorder: Inside the secret bunker where the Met's top men work to keep rioters under control" gives across the message to people that they are always being watched, CCTV is heavily used allover britain and was used in the riots to point out offenders and put them behind bars.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-2108745/Law-public-disorder-Inside-secret-bunker-Mets-men-work-rioters-control.html#ixzz1pB5APxML
5. Do you think the article would start any social or moral panics?
I do not believe that this article would start any panics as it shows that the police are in controll and the riots end up dying out quite quickly as long as public order is in place.
Look at the images:
6. Do the images of the rioters refer to any particular social group?
The images of the rioters refer to the youth social group, hooded teenagers with masks. But there is also images of peaceful marches in central london by college students.
7. Is this a fair representation of the content of the article?
This is a fair representation of content because it shows strong images of both the rioters and the riot police. Images of violence give across a strong image of what is happening, for example a shop and flats blazing with fire.
8. What impressions do you get of the police from the images selected?
The impression i get from the police pictures is that they look like they are in control. But since there is a predicted drop of 16,200 officers in the coming future, their job to maintain public order when their is less police will be a struggle if riots occur. The images of the the police in riot gear make them look dominating among rioters.
9. As a young person in British society, how do you feel about this article?
I feel that the rioters have been given a fair voice however there is too much about the violent rioters and too litle about the peaceful ones. The majority of youths are not like that. The image of power represented by police is not very good, just stood there whilst buildings are ablaze.
10. If you were a reporter, would you do anything differently? Explain.
If i were a reporter. I'd make sure the report would not be biased and get views from those violent rioters and peaceful ones. That is how voices from the youth of today can be heard properly.
11. Who do you think is the target audience for this article?
I'd say the target audience for this article would be around people ages around 30-40, who would instantly judge youths as "hoodies" and "yobs".
12. Is it a fair representation of the social groups discussed?
There isn't enough representation of the youths which did not contribute to the riots and violence. Pictures of youths smashing up shops and setting off flares whilst wearing masks is not a fair representation.
Tuesday, 6 March 2012
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